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With a
population of 82,000, Ballarat, 113 kilometres west of Melbourne,
has had a profound influence on the Victorian economy and national
democratic values.
The
hub of one of Australia’s most productive gold rushes in the
mid-19th century, it was also the centre of Australia’s only civil
uprising, the Eureka Stockade Rebellion of 1854, when miners united
in their resistance to overbearing governmental authority.
A dig
at Bakery Hill in 1858 had the distinction of producing one of
Australia's largest gold nuggets, the 62.85 kilo Welcome Nugget.
Only the huge Holtermann Nugget, which weighed 285.8 kilos when it
was prised from a Hill End mine in NSW in 1872, making it the
largest single lump of gold ever found in the world, and the Welcome
Stranger (70.92kg) - found at Moliagul in Victoria in 1869 - have
been bigger.
Befitting its standing as Victoria’s oldest and largest provincial
city, Ballarat has beautiful Victorian architecture. Some of the
finest buildings are to be found on Sturt Street, a tree-lined
boulevard divided by central garden plots. The locals will convince
you that the street is exactly three chains (60 metres) wide - the
space needed for a bullocky to turn his team and wagon.
Few
Australian buildings have so divided a city or taken quite so long
to complete as the Ballarat Town Hall. An original plan raised in
the early 1860s for a basic, functional building was scrapped when
the 1868 council decided Ballarat deserved something grander and
launched a design competition. A judge was appointed, he chose a
winner and was then over-ruled by the council who sent the
architects back to the drawing board. Eventually J.T.Lorenz, P.
Oakden and H.R.Caselli produced a design acceptable to the city
fathers and the building featuring Corinthian columns was built at a
cost of $36,000 in 1872. The tower that dominates the existing
building was added in 1912.
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